The Limitations of Marine Mammal Satellite Tags: A GPS Tracking Study

The use of satellite tags to track marine mammal movements has become a popular method for researchers studying these fascinating creatures. However, despite their widespread adoption, there are several limitations to consider when using this technology. This article will explore some of the key issues related to the accuracy and reliability of marine mammal satellite tags.

One of the primary concerns is the limited number of satellites available in certain regions, particularly near the equator. The GPS constellation, which was launched in 1978, only provides adequate coverage in areas with a high number of satellites in the sky. This can result in inaccurate positions and reduced tracking accuracy for animals living in these regions.

Another issue is the infrequent and inconsistent readings provided by some tags. In this study, we found that many tags recorded fewer than one position per day, which can make it difficult to accurately track an animal's movements over time. Additionally, the median number of records per day was only 12, which may not be sufficient for researchers seeking high-resolution data.

The accuracy of marine mammal satellite tags is also influenced by several other factors, including horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) and overhead canopy cover. HDOP measures the availability and geometry of satellites in the sky, while overhead canopy cover can affect signal reception. In our study, we found that stationary tags had a median location error of 33.26 meters, with a maximum recorded error of 410 meters.

Despite these limitations, marine mammal satellite tags can still be a valuable tool for researchers studying animal movements and behavior. By monitoring movement patterns and social strategies, scientists can gain insights into an individual's survival and fitness. For example, identifying how animals use their habitat can provide important information about resource availability and competition.

In conclusion, while marine mammal satellite tags have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of animal behavior, they are not without limitations. Researchers should carefully consider these limitations when designing their studies and choosing the most appropriate tracking technology for their research needs.

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Marine mammal satellite tag gps tracks